Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance among Migrants in Kyrgyzstan: Detection by a New Diagnostic Test

This cross-sectional study aimed to describe suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases among migrants in Kyrgyzstan and to estimate the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF, which has been operated in Kyrgyzstan since 2012. Characteristics of 3,714 suspected cases among migrants were analysed. In addition, by using data of 300 cases with culture results, sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF, both for detection of TB and rifampicin susceptibility, were assessed. Among 3,714 suspected cases, 56.1% were male, and the median age was 35 years old. Of the suspected cases, 17.2% were previously-treated. In total, 809 (21.8%) were smear-positive; 36.8% among previously-treated cases and 18.7% among new cases. Among 300 selected participants, 235 (78.3%) were culture-positive. Of those who were confirmed as TB positive, recurrent cases showed a higher proportion of rifampicin resistance than new cases (59.3% vs 42.6%). For detection of TB, the sensitivity and specificity of XpertMTB/RIF (81.3% and 98.2%) were higher than those of microscopy (70.2% and 71.4%). Sensitivity and specificity for detection of rifampicin resistance were 96.8% and 91.8%, respectively. The rifampicin resistance rate in the study population was higher than the national average. Xpert MTB/RIF showed higher accuracy in detecting TB cases than microscopic diagnosis. Higher accuracy and earlier detection of drug susceptibility is especially important for those who have difficulty in accessing healthcare and those who are easily lost from tracking, including migrants.